منابع مشابه
Tying knots in light fields.
We construct analytically, a new family of null solutions to Maxwell's equations in free space whose field lines encode all torus knots and links. The evolution of these null fields, analogous to a compressible flow along the Poynting vector that is shear free, preserves the topology of the knots and links. Our approach combines the construction of null fields with complex polynomials on S3. We...
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Recent years have seen the emergence of synthetic biology, which encompasses the engineering of living organisms as well as the implementation of biological behavior in non-living substrates. Many of these engineered systems have harnessed the diverse toolkit of proteins, genes, and cellular processes that nature offers. While these efforts have been fruitful, they have also illustrated the dif...
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M athematician Leopold Kronecker stated “God created the integers, all else is the work of man,’’ alluding to the fact that the natural numbers most likely arose from physical counting, as in one’s fingers or goats in the pasture. Topology, however, is arguably a different creature altogether and may have had its own independent origins from the physical world in the ubiquitous knot—something t...
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متن کاملTying Knots: Lending to Win Equity Underwriting Business
This article examines the practice of " tying, " which occurs when an underwriter lends to an issuer around the time of a public securities offering in order to secure underwriting business. We examine the following questions: (i) Does the issuing firm benefit from tying practices? (ii) If so, what is the source of these benefits? Why do underwriters tie lending to underwriting? (iii) How has t...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Academic Medicine
سال: 2013
ISSN: 1040-2446
DOI: 10.1097/acm.0b013e31828a6b9f